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A |     Pyongyang, Oct 10 (UNI) North Korea on Monday said its recent barrage of missile launches were actually nuclear attack simulation on the South.

It comes as intelligence suggests North Korea is preparing to hold its first nuclear weapon test in five years, the BBC reported.

In recent weeks, Pyongyang has launched seven sets of missiles in response to recent US and South Korea drills.

On Monday, state media published extensive reports claiming the missiles were designed to carry tactical nuclear weapons.

These are small short-range weapons intended for use on the battlefield. They said the military practised loading the missiles with dummy versions of these miniaturised warheads.

They also claimed to have successfully simulated hitting South Korea's military bases, ports and airports, and said the launches were a warning to US and South Korea.

State news agency KNCA ran photos of leader Kim Jong-un overseeing and "guiding" the tests.

US and South Korea intelligence officials have been suggesting that the North may soon test a nuclear weapon for the first time since 2017.

Experts believe it could also use the opportunity to detonate a smaller tactical device for the first time - the sort which would fit into the missiles it has been testing, the BBC reported.

Last month Kim declared North Korea an "irreversible" nuclear power and revised its laws, allowing it to use nuclear weapons pre-emptively. Its previous policy had been to only use such weapons in response to an attack.

It has also markedly stepped up its frequency of missile firings this year, carrying out over 40 missile launches this year so far - its most ever.

Most of the launches in the past fortnight have been short-range missiles, which landed in the sea between North Korea and Japan.

But North Korea also fired a longer-distance missile over Japan last Tuesday - which analysts say is a new intermediate-range ballistic missile, based on the weapon's design.

This year has seen the North test-fire missiles from a variety of launch sites including trains and convoys - moving platforms which would make it harder for the weapons to be destroyed in a strike, analysts have suggested.

The analysts told BBC that Monday's state media reports framed the recent launches as "tactical nuclear operations units" - instead of describing them purely as missile tests - suggesting that North Korea has now developed a system for deploying smaller, short-range nuclear weapons.

The 25 September-October 9 barrage were a response to the US deploying its nuclear-powered aircraft carrier the USS Ronald Reagan to waters around the Korean peninsula, and holding joint drills with Seoul and Tokyo.

The acceleration marks a significant change from when Pyongyang pursued denuclearisation talks with then US President Donald Trump between 2018 and 2019.

Analysts also said North Korea is also reacting to South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol's hawkish stance to the North and closer ties with the US.

UNI ING。

B |     

近日，首钢京唐钢铁联合有限责任公司钢轧部MCCR（多模式全连续铸轧）生产线有序运转。这条短流程产线与传统热轧生产线相比，生产时间缩短3个小时，实现综合节能30%以上。

C | 日报记者 赵 杰摄“0.75毫米超薄钢卷市场反馈好，又来新订单了。”近日，在位于唐山市曹妃甸区的首钢京唐钢铁联合有限责任公司，接到公司系统派发的订单任务，钢轧部MCCR生产线首席作业长马硕立即组织工人加紧赶制产品。

D | 在马硕面前，是一条全长288米的MCCR（多模式全连续铸轧）生产线。只需25分钟，红彤彤的滚烫钢水轧制成0.75毫米的超薄钢卷，薄如蝉翼，状如红绸。“超薄钢卷中，我们最薄能生产0.7毫米。0.75和0.8毫米两种规格销量大，很多出口到非洲、中东、南美地区。”马硕说。这些超薄钢卷市场走俏，除了契合产品轻量化需求，绿色属性也是其一大优势，大大提高了首钢京唐在国际市场上的绿色竞争力。“这是全球首条集单坯、半无头、全无头三种轧制模式于一体的短流程产线。与传统热轧生产线相比，生产时间缩短3个小时，实现综合节能30%以上。”首钢京唐炼钢工艺首席工程师闫占辉说。传统热轧需要先将钢水浇铸板坯，再转运到热轧机组轧制成钢卷。而MCCR生产线实现高温钢水铸坯、轧制一体化成卷，省去铸坯冷却、储存环节，充分利用高温铸坯的余热效能，显著降低了每吨钢材生产能耗。目前，MCCR生产线产品包括热轧板卷、热轧酸洗板、热基镀锌板等，广泛应用于汽车、光伏支架、集装箱等多个制造领域。随着“双碳”目标推进，首钢京唐启动实施环保绩效创A，探索特色节能降碳路线。

E | MCCR生产线是其深度降碳的一项重要创新。其实，MCCR生产线建成前，首钢京唐已有两条传统热轧产线稳定运行。为何要建一条轧制工艺完全不同的新产线呢？据了解，一方面，传统热轧有轧制极限，钢卷厚度1.2毫米就接近极限了，他们想打破工艺极限。另一方面，传统热轧耗能较高，他们想试验一条流程更短、降碳效果明显的全新产线。然而，原始创新是从0到1的突破，无捷径可走。从MCCR生产线热试到全面达产，他们整整用了两年时间。轧制一卷钢，需要生产线300多万个零部件协同作业，不能出现任何细微误差，难度可想而知。另外，钢卷轧得越薄，轧速越快，轧到0.75毫米时钢坯前进速度达到每秒12米，对作业精度带来极大挑战。没有经验可循，只能自己摸索。面对板坯控制难度大、薄规格钢卷头部容易折叠等一项项难题，科研团队夜以继日地钻研，对感应加热线圈结构进行改造，对精轧薄规格最优负荷分配等创新设计。一系列措施落地，这才实现项目达产达效。实现深度降碳，仅靠绿色轧制工艺还不够。近些年，公司瞄准MCCR生产线上游炼铁、炼钢工序持续攻关，提升含绿量，实现源头降碳。

F | 首钢京唐研制出70%高比例球团矿冶炼工艺并实现稳定运行，标志着该技术在高炉炼铁上的应用取得重大突破。“跟传统烧结工序相比，高比例球团矿冶炼技术降耗明显，吨铁可降低碳排放10%以上。”闫占辉说，公司建设了3台球团矿带式焙烧机，配套3座高炉使用。近年来，从50%到55%再到70%，高炉冶炼原料球团矿的占比越来越高。在炼钢环节，首钢京唐联合首钢集团技术研究院成立专项攻关组，探索推进长流程高废钢比冶炼的工艺路径。废钢是可供转炉炼钢使用的原料。

G | 研究显示，每使用1吨废钢，可以节约0.4吨焦炭或1吨左右的原煤，比用铁水节能60%、节水40%。

H | 然而，过多的废钢会对钢水温度、钢水成分造成不良影响。闫占辉回忆，长流程高废钢比冶炼工艺的难点在于热量平衡。

I | 针对这一难题，他们创新实施“三步补热”工艺，即在吹炼前期、中期、后期动态调整补热原料，解决了热量失衡痛点问题。目前，该公司实现转炉单工序50%废钢比批量稳定生产，具备转炉单工序55%废钢比冶炼能力。多年来，首钢京唐依托多项自主核心降碳工艺、固废循环利用技术，构建全流程能效管控体系，去年成功入选首批重点行业环保绩效创A领跑企业。创A创出绿色生产力。首钢京唐研制的高废钢比低碳汽车板、全规格镀锡板、锌铝镁高耐蚀镀层钢等产品已通过第三方EPD（环境产品声明）的审核认证，实现产品大类EPD全覆盖。

J | 以环保绩效创A带动企业转型，首钢京唐的绿色发展之路越走越宽广。（日报记者 贡宪云 王育民）。

K |

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